Postpartum depression ppd is a mood disorder affecting 1015% of women within a year of childbirth worldwide 16. Kenya profile of preterm and low birth weight prevention and care total population. There is a strong relationship between preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. In this study, we determined the maternal factors that contribute to low birth weight lbw deliveries in tshwane district, south africa.
Previous studies show probiotics may promote child growth and have an impact on undernutrition. Birthweight records were obtained from the childs health card or from the mothers verbal report of measured weight at birth. There was no difference in mean age between women with normal birth weight and those with low birth weight infants 27. Determinants of low birth weight in the context of maternal nutrition education in urban informal settlements, kenya volume 10 issue 2 c. Perinatal interventions and care practices have improved survival and longterm outcomes for very preterm file 3. Quality assessment and improvement tool second edition 2014 acknowledgments this is the second edition of hospital care for mothers and newborn babies. Child undernutrition is a major public health problem in low income countries. Ppd can compromise caregiving activities and performance of parenting roles 7, 8. The outcome measured was change in weight or height.
Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among infants. Antenatal iron supplementation and birth weight in conditions. Different primary studies in ethiopia showed the burden of low birth weight. Great variability in enteral feeding practices for very preterm methods. Prospective studies of predictors of infant growth in rural lowincome country settings are relatively scarce but vital to guide intervention efforts. Those travelling to areas of the world where malaria. The world health organization defines low birth weight lbw as a new born having a weight of less than 2,500 g at birth. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with. Prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among. Commonly abused drugs national institute on drug abuse. Low birth weight lbw has for some time been one of the conditions an expectant woman has to worry about when it comes to the delivery of her baby.
Aug 17, 2018 cerebral palsy cp is a group of disorders that affect muscle movement and coordination. Were, department of paediatrics and child health, college of health sciences, university of nairobi, p. Jul 26, 2019 antenatal iron supplementation and birth weight we reanalysed data from our placebocontrolled trial in pregnant kenyan women 4 to assess to what extent iron status at baseline i. Overweight and obesity in kenya increases the risk for raised blood glucose levels 20 and high blood pressure 20,21. In kenya, studies on low birth weight mortality and morbidity have been mainly done in kenyatta national hospital knh. Box 1967600200, nairobi, kenya request for reprints to. A babys birth weight, rate of postnatal growth and chances of survival are all influenced by the mothers health and dietary intake. Factors associated with low birth weight among neonates.
Prevalence of low birth weight babies and the associated. Survival of vlbw babies is directly related to birth weight. Feeding practices in very preterm and very low birth weight. Low birth weight lbw is defined as birth weight of a live born infant of less than 2 500 g regardless of gestational age. The embrace india program serves underresourced health care centers and hospitals in uttar pradesh, karnataka, gujarat, bihar and uttarakhand. Factors associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth. Another highrisk group is pregnant women because of natural changes in the immune system during pregnancy which make infection more likely. Correlation between maternal and infant hiv infection and low. A cohort study of trafficrelated air pollution impacts on. In 1996, the neonatal survival rate for the under 2000 grams. Pdf low birth weight in a kenyan rural hospital researchgate. Who and unicef estimate lbw in kenya as 11% and 6%by 2009 kenya demographic health survey. Lbw contributes to 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths.
Percentage and number of low birthweight infants by unicef. For live births, birthweight should preferably be measured within the first hour of life, before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred. Profile of preterm and low birth weight prevention. This should be an issue of public health concern as a nation because birth weight is a strong predictor of an individual babys survival and a.
Correlation between maternal and infant hiv infection and. Preterm birth and low birthweight are among the leading causes of infant death in the u. Pdf factors associated with low birth weight among. This article aimed to examine the association between maternal and infant hiv infection and low birth weight lbw file 1 for. These stratifications approximate standard epidemiologic definitions of very low birth weight. Postpartum depression and infant feeding practices in a. Methods we conducted a case control study of 1073 randomly selected. Pdf factors associated with low birth weight among neonates. For infants with low birth weight, cases of earlyonset sepsis is found to be about 26 per 1,000 and 8 per 1,000 live births. Birth weight g survival 500750 74% 7511,000 82% 1,0011,250 92% 1,2511,500 95% longterm outcome. Embrace donates infant warmers for free to low birth weight and premature infants in need. Ninetytwo percent of low birth weightlbw infants are born in.
Low birth weight lbw is a major determinant of morbidity, mortality and disability in. A populationbased sample of 1065 women in the third trimester of pregnancy was recruited from the demographic surveillance site dss in butajira, southcentral. Certain populations of babies are at more risk as well. The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in southern california between 1989 and 1993. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district.
Kangaroo mother care before stabilisation amongst low. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of postpartum depression on infant feeding practices and malnutrition among women in an urban low income settlement in nairobi kenya. Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight lbw infants at kenyatta national hospital knh has previously been found to be high. Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. Pdf ninetytwo percent of low birth weightlbw infants are born in. This article aimed to examine the association between maternal and infant hiv infection and low birth weight lbw in mombasa, kenya, were analysed. Prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight among. Health survey of 2009 estimates low birth weight to be 6 percent. Low birthweight is defined as less than 2,500 grams up to and including 2,499 grams.
Birthweight is the first weight of the newborn obtained after birth. Low birth weight is a public health problem in developing countries especially in sub saharan africa. Because many women are fed less, marry early, carry a heavy workload, and spend a considerable portion of their lifespan in pregnancy and lactation, they are exposed to persistent low nutritional status and highenergy expenditure. The prevalence of lbw in kenya is estimated at 11 percent by who and. Low birth weight, birth outcome, ethiopia background. Low birth weight newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth, due to prematurity andor restricted growth in utero, is also a major contributor of newborn and child deaths, as well as. We conducted a crosssectional study based in kariobangi north health centre in. Apr 28, 2017 univariate analyses for the outcome of low birth weight at delivery did not show an association with the triple dhfr mutation, but iptpsp doses, age and gravidity were all protective of low birth weight p 0. A structural equation analysis on the relationship between.
Factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born. Survival data for infants born at ucsf from 19982002 inclusive are. The prevalence of low birth weight in ethiopia remains high. Data in olkalou hospital indicated that prevalence of lbw was high.
Who and unicef estimate lbw in kenya as11% and 6%by 2009 kenya demographic health survey. Mothers who have poor healthcare, low socioeconomic status, substance abuse, or. Women residing in rural area had higher rate of low birth weight as compared to those who were residing in the urban area 12. Operationalising kangaroo mother care before stabilisation amongst low birth weight neonates in africa omwana. Learn about the causes as well as the symptoms and risk factors.
Center discussion papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Child undernutrition has short and long term consequence for both individuals and society. Postpartum depression can compromise caregiving activities, including infant feeding practices, resulting in child malnutrition. Low birth weight and its associated factors in ethiopia. Low birth weight can cause complications in adult life, and is therefore a public health concern. Data presented highlight a number of risk factors relevant to preterm and low birth weight in kenya as well as the coverage of important care for women and newborns from pregnancy, labor and delivery and the postnatal period. According to the unicef, in the developing world 15% of infants or more than 1 in 7 weigh less than 2500 g at birth. Other centres have shown that even with lack of neonatal intensive care facilities, selective interventions can be implemented that improve neonatal survival rates. Ppd can affect infant feeding, with studies reporting that depressed mothers have increased odds of early termination of breastfeeding, and inappropriate feeding practices 9. Pdf this paper reports on a study carried out to determine the incidence of low birth weight in a rural hospital in meru district, kenya, and to. Withdrawal symptoms restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose. The paper investigates the effect of adequate use of prenatal care on birth weight in kenya using data from the kenya demographic and health survey of 20082009 together with additional. Prevalence of low birth weight babies and the associated maternal risk factor at naivasha district hospital. Data concerning the beginning of enteral nutrition were available for 1,302 newborns with a mean.
Who care of the preterm and lowbirthweight newborn. The database covers all 25 hospitals with a neonatal unit. Prevalence of low birth weight in maternal pregnancy. Maternal factors contributing to low birth weight deliveries. Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in southern california between 1989 and 1993. Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight infants in the.
Factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born at olkalou district hospital, central region, kenya article pdf available in pan african medical journal 20 june 2015 with 510 reads. Box 2095600202, nairobi, kenya the contribution of very low birth weight deaths to infant mortality f. A structural model of birth weight germano mwabu university of nairobi june 2008 notes. Feeding practices in very preterm and very low birth. Pdf determinants of low birth weight in the context of.
The friend has been on family planning for many years, and talks abut the benefits she has experienced. Unicefwho estimates of the incidence of low birthweight, 2000. Determinants of low birth weight in the context of maternal. Vlbw and elbw infants are at risk for cerebral palsy. Babies born prematurely before 37 completed weeks of gestation face increased risks of wideranging health complications and longterm disabilities, including but not limited to developmental delays. In ghana, the issue of birth weight and factors influencing it has not received much needed attention. In combination with alcohol dangerous slowdown of heart rate and breathing, coma, death. Increase in the prevalence of mutations associated with. Modeling maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight among. P nov 26, 2018 different primary studies in ethiopia showed the burden of low birth weight. Factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born at. Low birthweight the variable low birthweight lbw was the predictor variable. A 4years 20122015 observational study was performed analyzing the database tin toscane online on very preterm and vlbw infants. This study was aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in ethiopia.
Postpartum depression and infant feeding practices in a low. Birth weight stratifications used were 500 to 1499 g, 1500 to 2499 g, 2500 to 3999 g, and 4000 g or more. She is thinking about starting a family planning method, but she has some fears about it. Background low birth weight continues to be a main cause of child morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth born before 37 weeks of pregnancy and being small for gestational age, which are the reasons for lowbirthweight lbw, are also important indirect causes of neonatal deaths.
Low birth weight lbw is defined as weight at birth of less than 2500 gram while very low birth weight vlbw is defined as birth weight of less than 1500 grams. Studies on factors of low birth weight in kenya have neglected the flexible. Introduction ninetytwo percent of low birth weight lbw infants are born in developing countries, 70% in asia and 22% in africa. The prevalence of low birth weight in olkalou district hospital was 12. The announcement of the arrival of a bouncing baby girl or boy has never been complete without the accompaniment of the weight of the baby, the heavier he or she is, the healthier they are assumed. Recognizing that technology alone is not enough to solve complex problems like neonatal hypothermia, local staff also provides intensive health education. Paul schultz for his careful guidance throughout the preparation of this paper. Whats at stake in 2012, the world health assembly resolution 65. A funnel plot and eggers regression test were used to see publication bias. Malaria in pregnancy can lead to premature babies, low birth weight and generally lesshealthy babies. This growth was supported by a stable macroeconomic environment, low oil. Epidemiologic trends in neonatal intensive care, 20072012.
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